Some roles and advantages of theoretical models in biology

  • Provide a unified theoretical framework accounting for available experimental observations, that corroborates or not experimental conclusions.

  • Conceptualization leads to clarification of hypotheses.

  • Analyze complex situations involving multiple, coupled variables, for which it becomes impossible to rely only on sheer intuition.

  • Models show that certain types of behavior only occur in precise conditions, in a domain bounded by critical parameter values, in contrast to what may be predicted by merely verbal descriptions.

  • Determine the qualitative and quantitative effects of each parameter and identify key parameters.

  • Rapid exploration of different mechanisms and of large ranges of conditions.

  • Possibility to ask questions which may be inaccessible to experiments or hard to address experimentally.

  • Testable predictions: suggestion of experiments, which will either validate the model or call for its modification.

  • Optimal situation: provide counterintuitive explanations or surprising predictions.

  • Mathematical structure underlines link with similar phenomena in other contexts.
  • Table from Leloup & Goldbeter (2000) BioEssays 22, 83-92.