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Master's thesis

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Research project

 

Geochemical study of the volcanic lake and thermal springs associated with the Rinjani Volcano. (B. Barbier and A. Bernard)

Study of the chemical and isotopic compositions of the volcanic lake and thermal springs associated with Rinjani (Segara Anak)(Lombok, Indonesia). Study of the CO2 flux at the surface of the lake. Interpretation of those data applied to a better understanding of the hydrothermal system. Forecasting of the geochemical change that would take place in case of magmatic eruption.

Geochemical and mineralogical study of the volcanic lake and thermals springs associated with the Sorik Marapi (B. Barbier and A. Bernard)

Study of the chemical and isotopic compositions of the volcanic lake and thermal springs associated with the Sorik Marapi volcano (Sumatra, Indonesia). The objective of this study is the understanding of the hydrothermal system associated with the volcano as a help of eruption forecasting.

 

 

CO2 degasing trough the crater lake of Kelud volcano (A. Mazot and A. Bernard)

The CO2 fluxes emitted by the surface of the Kelud lake were measured during 2001-2005 by IR spectrophotometry by using a floating accumulation chamber. During each field campaign, about 250 measurements were obtained to cover the entire lake surface (103,600 m2). Results show a decrease in the CO2 flux from 30,000 T/year in 2001 to 12,000 T/year in 2005. These results compared to the CO2 lost as HCO3- by the overflow of the lake waters through the drainage tunnel show that most of the CO2 degas from the lake surface and escapes to the atmosphere. Only a small fraction (<15%) is trapped and converted as HCO3- in the lake waters.

 

 

 

Insight into the hydrothermal system of Papandayan volcano (A. Mazot and A. Bernard)

Since the last magmatic eruption that occurred in 1772, Papandayan volcano is in a state of passive degassing. A solfatara with medium-temperature gases (300°C) and acid sulfate-chloride hot springs have been observed for many years in the crater suggesting the presence of a large and permanent volcanic-hydrothermal system at shallow depth. In November 2002, phreatic activity erupted ash plumes to altitudes of about 5 km. New craters were formed and the composition of the acid springs changed reflecting the opening of new fractures at the top of the volcanic edifice. The volcanic material ejected during the eruption is primarily composed of deeply altered volcanic rocks from within the hydrothermal system.

 

 

 

Reactive processes during the discharge of high temperature volcanic gases (F. Africano)

Volcanic gases transport trace metals in concentrations ranging from 1 ppb to 50 ppm. Cooling of these gases during their ascension to the surface is at the origin of exceptional mineralizations such as rhenium sulfide deposits at Kudryavy volcano. Direct interactions between gases and rocks produce secondary mineral assemblages, at high temperatures (600 to 900°C), which are characterized by the occurrence of a garnet, at Kudryavy. We also study the behavior of the metals emitted by passively degassing volcanoes over long term periods (30 to 800 years), and the impact of these emissions in the atmosphere.   

Study of the Unconventional Platinum Group Minerals (J. Jedwab)
 
 

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Thesis

 

Gilles Van Rompaey, 2006. Etude de la réactivité des ciments riches en laitier, à basse température et à temps court, sans ajout chloruré.

Mazot A., 2005. Activité hydrothermale des volcans Kelud et Papandayan (Indonésie) et évaluation des flux de gaz carbonique.

Africano F., 2004. Reactive processes during the discharge of high temperature volcanic gases.

El Wahabi, A. 2001. Applications de la microgravimétrie en Volcanologie. Méthodologie et particularisation à l’Etna, Sicile. (en collaboration avec B. Ducarme (Observatoire Royal Belgique.

Volon, C., 1997. Problématique des panaches d'éruptions volcaniques injectés dans l'atmosphère. Détection, suivi et modélisation au moyen de l'imagerie satellitaire.

Delmelle, P., 1995. "Geochemical, Isotopic and Heat Budget study of two volcano-hosted hydrothermal systems: the acid crater lakes of Kawah Ijen, Indonesia and Taal, Philippines, volcanoes''.

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Publication

Decrée S., Bernard A., Yans J. and De Putter Th. 2005. Poly-phase alteration history of the kaolinitized `Cava di Caolino' volcanics (Lipari Island, southern Italy). Clay Minerals: 40, 153-165.

Takano, B., Suzuki, K., Sugimori, K., Ohba, T., Fazlullin, S. M., Bernard, A., Sumarti, S., Sukhyar and Hirabayashi, M. 2004. Bathymetric and geochemical investigation of Kawah Ijen crater lake, East Java, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 135 :299-329.

Mazot, A. and Bernard, A., 2004. Insight into the hydrothermal system of Papandayan
volcano, Indonesia. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA, vol. 1, p.163-166.

Bernard, A., Escobar, C.D., Mazot, A. and Guttierrez, R.E., 2004. The acid crater lake of Santa Ana volcano, El Salvador. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 375: 121- 13.

Bernard A. and Mazot A., 2004. Geochemical evolution of the young crater lake of Kelud volcano in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA, vol.1, p.87-90.

Mazot A. and Bernard A., 2004. The hydrothermal system of Papandayan volcano and the November 2002 eruption: CO2 degassing, fluid geochemistry and mineralogy of ejecta. In: A. Purbawinata (Editor), Journal of volcanic activity in Indonesia: Gunungapi Papandayan letusan 2002, Quarterly Publication of the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, vol.1, N°5, p.129-151.

Power, M. R., Pirrie, D., Jedwab, J. and Stanley, C. J., 2004. Platinum-group element mineralisation in an arsenic-rich magmatic sulphide system, Talnotry, Southwest Scotland. Min. Mag., 68(2), pp.: 395-411.

Jedwab, J., 2004. ‘Irite’ (Hermann, 1836/1841) from the Urals. Min. Mag., 68(2), pp.: 369-392.

F. Africano1, G. Van Rompaey1, A. Bernard1, and F. Le Guern, 2002. Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. Earth Planets Space, 54, 275-286.

Tison, J.L., Haas, L., Gowing, M. M., Sleewaegen, S. and Bernard, A. 2002. Tank study of physico-chemical controls on gas content and composition during growth of young sea ice. Journal of Glaciology, 161: 177-191.

Dartevelle, S., Ernst, G., Stix, J. and Bernard, A. 2002. Origin of the Mount Pinatubo climactic eruption cloud: Implications for volcanic hazards and atmospheric impacts. Geology, 30: 663-666.

De Putter, T., André, L ; Bernard, A., Dupuis, C, Jedwab, J., Nicaise, D. and Perruchot, A. 2002. Trace element (Th, U, Pb, REE) behaviour in a cryptokarstic halloysite and kaolinite deposit from Southern Belgium: importance of ‘‘accessory’’ mineral formation for radioactive pollutant trapping. Appl. Geochem., 17: 1313-1328.

Roberts, A. C., Paar, W. H., Cooper, M. A., Topa, D., Criddle, A. J. and Jedwab, J., 2002. Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Min. Mag. ,66(1), pp.: 173-179.

Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A. and Le Guern, F. 2002. Deposition of trace elements in high temperature volcanic gases from Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. Journal of Earth, Planet and Space, 54: 275-286.

Taran, Y, Bernard. A. and Gavilanes, J.C., 2001. Chemistry and mineralogy of high-temperature gas discharges from Colima volcano, Mexico. Implications for the magmatic gas-atmosphere interaction. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 108, pp.: 245-264.

De Putter, Th., Bernard, A., Perruchot, A., Nicaise, D. and Dupuis, C., 2000. Low-temperature acid weathering in Newhaven, Sussex, United Kingdom, and its application to theoretical modeling in radioactive waste-disposal sites. Clays and clay minerals, 48, pp: 238-245.

Africano, F. and Bernard, A., 2000. Acid alteration in the fumarolic environment of Usu volcano, Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 97,pp: 475-495.

Delmelle, P. and Bernard, A., 2000. Discharge of extremely acidic volcanic waters into the Banyupahit stream system in the Ijen caldera, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 97, pp: 55-75.

Delmelle, P., Bernard, A., Kusakabe, M., Fisher, T. and Takano, B., 2000. The crater lake system of Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia: insights from chemical and isotopic compositions obtained between 1990 and 1996. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 97, pp: 21-53.

Taran, Y, Bernard, A., Gavilanes, J.C. and Africano, F., 2000. Native gold in mineral precipitates from high-temperature volcanic gases of Colima volcano, Mexico. Applied Geochemistry, 15, pp: 337-346.

Delmelle, P. and Bernard, A., 2000. Volcanic Lakes. In Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press, Editor H. Sigurdsson, pp:877-895.

Henrist, C., Rulmont, A., Cloots, R., Gilbert, B., Bernard, A. and Beyer, G. 2000. Toward the understanding of the thermal degradation of commercially available fire-resistant cable. Materials Letters, 46: 160-168.

De Putter, T., Bernard, A., Perruchot, A., Nicaise, D. and Dupuis, C. 2000. Low temperature acid weathering in Newhaven (Sussex) and its application to theoretical modeling in radioactive waste disposal. Clays and Clay minerals. 48: 238-245.

Préat A., Mamet B, Gillan D. and Bernard A., 1999. Rôle des organismes microbiens et des constructions hématitiques dans la formation des matrices rougeâtres de différentes séries paléozoïques d'Europe: l'exemple du Dévonien de la Montagne Noire (France).
Rev. Micropal., 42, pp:161-18.

Préat A, Mamet B, Bernard A & Gillan D. 1999. Bacterial mediation, red matrices diagenesis, Devonian, Montagne Noire (southern France). Sedimentary Geology, 126: 223-242.

 Jedwab, J., Badaut, D. et  Beaunier, P., 1999. Discovery of a Palladium- Platinum-Gold-Mercury Bitumen in the Boss Mine (Clark County, Nevada). Economic Geology, vol 94, No.7, pp.: 1163-1172.

Jedwab, J., Tarkian, M., Cornelisen, B., Moëlo, Y. and Deudon, C., 1999. Mineralogy of palladium, platinum, rhenium and gold in the sulfidic ores of Shinkolobwe, Katanga, Congo. -In: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing, Stanley et al., eds. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.: 171-174.

Jedwab, J., 1999. Le platine au Kivu: Mystères, mythes, erreurs et vérités autour du platine de Lubero. Bull. Séances Ac. Royale Sci. Outremer, 45-2, pp.: 177-191.

Delmelle, P., Kusakabe, M., Bernard, A., Fisher, T., DeBrouwer, S. and Del Mundo, E. 1998. Geochemical and isotopic evidence for sea water contamination of the hydrothermal system of Taal volcano, Luzon, the Philippines. Bull. Volcanol. 59:562-576.

Jedwab, J. et Cassedanne, J., 1998. Historical observations of platinum and palladium oxides in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canad. Miner., 36, pp.: 887-893.

Novgorodova, M.L., Generalov, M.E. and Trubkin, N.V., 1997. [Jedvabite Fe7(Ta,Nb)3-a new mineral in association with tantal-and niobocarbides from Pt-bearing placers] (in Russian, with English abstract). Zap. Vseross. Min. Obchshestvo, 126(2), 1997, p. 100-104. Amer. Min. 1998, 83, pp.: 654.

Jedwab, J., 1997.  Minéralogie des Métaux du Groupe du Platine au Shaba, Zaïre. (Communication présentée au Colloque International Cornet, Mons 5-9 septembre 1994) -In: "Centenaire des premières études sur la géologie shabienne (Zaïre): "Gisements de cuivre stratiformes et minéralisations associées", J.M. Charlet ed., Fac. Polytechn. Mons et Ac. Royale des Sciences d'Outremer, 1997, 482 pp. [325-355].

Bernard, A., Knittel, U., Weber, B., Weis, D., Albrecht, A., Hattori, K., Klein, J. and Oles, D. 1996. Petrology and geochemistry of the 1991 eruption products of Mount Pinatubo (Luzon, Philippines). In Fire and Mud. Eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Univerity of Washington Press, 1126pp.

Jedwab, J., 1996. L'or noir du Brésil. -In: Catalogue de l'Exposition: Trésors de la Terre-Du minéral au bijou. Abbaye Saint Gérard de Brogne, 125 p. (pp.:75-79).

Cassedanne, J. P., Jedwab, J. et Alves, J. N., 1996. Apport d'une prospection systématique à l'étude de l'origine de l'or et du platine alluviaux du Côrrego Bom Sucesso (Serro-Minas Gerais). An. Acad. Bras. Ci., 68 (4), pp.: 569-582.

 Jedwab, J., 1995. Oxygenated Platinum-Group-Elements and Transition-Metal (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ce)-compounds in the supergene domain. Chron. Rech. Min., 520, pp: 47-53.

Delmelle, P. and Bernard. A. 1994. Geochemistry, mineralogy, and chemical modeling of the acid crater lake of Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 58: 2445-2460.

Bernard, A., Demaiffe, D., Mattielli, N. and Punongbayan, R. S. 1991. Anhydrite-bearing pumices from Mount Pinatubo: further evidence for the existence of sulphur-rich silicic magmas. Nature, 354:139-140.

Bernard, A., Symonds, R. B. and Rose, W. I. 1990. Volatile transport and deposition of Mo, W and Re in high temperature magmatic fluids. Applied Geochemistry, 5:317-326.

Bernard, A. and Rose, W. I. 1990. The injection of sulfuric acid aerosols in the stratosphere by El Chichón volcano and its related hazards to the international air traffic. Journal of Natural Hazards 3:59-67.

Bernard, A. and Symonds, R. B. 1989. The significance of siderite in the sediments from Lake Nyos, Cameroun. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 39:187-194.

Bernard, A. and Le Guern, F. 1986. Condensation of volatile elements in high temperature gases of Mount St. Helens. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 28: 91-105.

Le Guern, F. and Bernard, A. 1982. Etude des mécanismes de condensation des gaz magmatiques. Exemple de l'Etna (Italie). Bulletin Volcanologique 45: 161-166.

Le Guern, F. and Bernard, A. 1982. A new method for sampling and analyzing volcanic sublimates. Application to Merapi volcano, Java. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 12: 133-146.

Le Guern, F., Bernard, A. and Chevrier, R-M. 1980. Soufrière of Guadeloupe 1976-1977 eruption. Mass and energy transfer and volcanic health hazards. Bulletin Volcanologique 43: 577-593.

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Master's thesis

Quets, G. 2006. Etude minéralogique et morphoscopique de particules dans la glace basale de glaciers des Dry Valleys, Antartique.

Campion, R. 2006. Mesures des flux de SO2 volcanique au moyen des images multispectrales infrarouges du senseur ASTER.

De Bondt, K. 2005. Apport des traitements multispectraux à la détection par satellite des panaches volcaniques de l’Etna.

Barbier, B. 2004. Etude minéralogique et géochimique du lac de cratère, des sources thermales et du système hydrothermal associé au volcan Sorik Marapi (Sumatra, Indonésie)

Delcambre, F. 2003. Application de la méthode Rietveld à l’étude des dépôts pyroclastiques de l’éruption du Laacher See (Allemagne).

Pourtois, J. 2003 . Etude minéralogique et géochimique de l’altération acide dans le cratère actif du volcan Papandayan, Java, Indonésie.

Decrée, S. 2002. Minéralogie et Géochimie des altérations de la « Cava di Caolino », Lipari, Italie.

Verbrugghe, F. 2001. Etude géochimique des effluents acides dans la carrière de Flines-les-Raches, Nord de la France.

Derraz, M. 2001. Caractérisation minéralogique des phases accessoires dans les matières premières des fours de verrerie.

Geeraerts, L. 2001. Utilisation d’images satellitaires pour la détection de panaches volcaniques.

Jumeau, F. 2000. Altération des pierres calcaires de l’église Notre-Dame du Sablon à Bruxelles. Etude préliminaire.

De Jonghe, C. 2000. Etude des minéralisations liées à l’activité de dégazage magmatique du cratère de la Fossa, île de Vulcano, Italie.

Van Rompaey, G. 1999. Minéralogie et géochimie de l’altération du cratère de la Fossa, Vulcano, Italie.

Kruwialis, G. 1998. Contribution à la détection des panaches d’éruptions volcaniques à partir d’images satellitaires à faible résolution spatiale.

Forton, M. 1998. Etude minéralogique et géochimique de l’altération du Faraglione, île de Vulcano, Italie.

Gevaert, S.  1998. Apport de la diffraction X et de la microscopie électronique dans l’étude des os fossiles humains.

Thomas, L. 1996. Etude des retombées pyroclastiques du Pinatubo. II: Géochimie des sels adsorbés.

Englert, S. 1995. Mécanisme au foyer des tremblements de terre de la séquence de Dour (1987): apport à la séismotectonique de la zone du hainaut.

Broucke, I. 1994. L'os, matériau géologique.

F. Africano. 1994. Contribution à l'étude des processus d'altération dans l'environnement fumerollien du volcan Usu, ”le d'Hokkaido, Japon.

S. Dartevelle. 1993. Contribution à l’étude des dépôts des retombées pyroclastiques de l’éruption du 15 juin 1991 du volcan Pinatubo, île de Luzon, Philippines.

J-M. Savino. 1992. Morphologie et structures internes des zircons des granitoides et gneiss de l’Aïr (orogenèse panafricain, Niger). Implications géodynamiques.

P. Delmelle. 1991. Contribution à l’étude géochimique d’un lac acide de cratère: le Kawah Ijen, Indonésie.

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Last modification: september 12, 2006